Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Parents of two area youngsters who found a fossil estimated to be 30 million years old last September say they have no reason to doubt the childrens’ claim that they found the fossil along the beach near Lakewood Lane. Questions regarding the story were raised Wednesday when a Michigan State Police trooper told The Mining Journal that the incident was a “hoax” and that the fossil had actually been removed from the vicinity of the house of an individual who lives near the families of the two children. “We trust our kidsat the boys’ ages they aren’t very good liars, and I could tell they were telling the truth,” said Larry Fladung, father of Christian Fladung, 6, one of the rock finders. Dan Forrester, who lives in the same neighborhood, read about the discovery in the Dec. 5 Mining Journal. “I said, ‘it looks a lot like the rock I have.'” Forrester said the boys were so enthused and had shown so much interest in the fossil that he wanted them to keep it for about a year and then donate it to NMU or MSU.

90 years ago

ISHPEMING – Seldom are residents of Negaunee privileged to witness so good an amateur performance as the “Merry Maker’s Minstrels,” presented under auspices of the Men’s Club of St. John’s Episcopal Church in the high school auditorium last night. From the beginning of the first act to the final instrumental selection by the high school trio, there was not an uninteresting moment.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – When the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded Tuesday, millions of Americans witnessed the tragedy live, including many school children, who were sharing in the excitement of watching America’s first school teacher launch into space. Bothwell Middle School in Marquette was no different than any other school across the nation.

Pam Clark, a science teacher at Bothwell, had a television turned on in her classroom when tragedy struck. “I follow it (shuttle launches), and I get really nervous every time,” said Clark. She said her students were astonished at what they had just witnessed. “One of them said, ‘Mrs. Clark, we really just saw that didn’t we?’, and I said, yes, you did,” Clark said. “It didn’t register at first that it exploded,” Anna Anthos said, a student who watched the replay. “You think of a malfunction.” Clark said the students in her classroom Tuesday morning “kept waiting for it (the shuttle) to emerge from the smoke. And it never did.” Heather Himli, one of Ken Bullock’s eighth-grade science students , made the observation, “It’s sad that it takes a tragedy like that to make us realize just how fragile life is.”

90 years ago

MARQUETTE – The introduction of the motor coach in recent years was the occasion for loud howls from many electric railway concerns, which complained that they would be ruined if the automobiles were allowed to compete with them. The wiser electric lines, however, after emitting a howl or two, discovered that the motor coach game was one two could play at.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

HARVEY – A 30-million-year-old fossil reported to have been found on the beach along Lakewood Lane in Harvey was actually removed without permission from a national park in South Dakota, according to a spokesman from the Michigan State Police post at Negaunee.

Two Harvey youths said they found the fossil while searching for interesting rocks along the beach last September, but the state police spokesman said the youngsters got the rock from the home of an unidentified neighbor, who police say had taken in from the South Dakota park.

Grant Petersen, park superintendent at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore in Munising, said the parents of the two children contacted the National Park Service to inform them about the misplaced fossil.

The fossil was examined last year by professors at Northern Michigan University and Michigan State University, with officials from the latter carbon-dating the specimen to about 30 million years old.

The professors who examined the fossil initially theorized that the mode of travel that brought the rock to the Upper Peninsula from the Badlands area, which was identified as the probable place of origin, was either early-man or a glacier.

60 years ago

ST. IGNACE – U.S. 2 reaching westward from here to Escanaba may prove to be a new Gold Coast of the Great Lakes Region.

Property exchanges have stepped up in volume and prices are rising as the long rumored boom in land prices within the sphere of the Mackinac Bridge threatens to break out into a rash.

Here at the register of deeds office, Frank A. Wood, an analyst of the land market, reports that his office has increased recording activities by one third in the past year. But that’s a dull statistic in comparison with the manner in which prices have skyrocketed. Frontage along U.S. 2 that had sold for $5 per frontage foot is now going at $75 per foot.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

HARVEY – In an attempt to slow flood waters that were rising at the rate of an inch an hour, Chocolay Township officials gave the OK to emergency personnel to detonate 1,000 pounds of explosives this morning in ice blocking the flow of the Chocolay River.

“We spent all night working,” said Larry Gould, supervisor for the department of public works in Chocolay Township.

Pepin Explosives of Negaunee was contracted to set off the blast, with officials from Sawyer Air Force Base standing by to give technical assistance.

In danger of becoming flooded was the Chocolay Township wastewater pumping station. Gould said if the station became inoperable due to flooding, “Eventually (sewage) would back up into people’s basements.”

60 years ago

CRYSTAL FALLS – The alertness and “prompt courageous action” of Master Sgt. Julius Canale of Crystal Falls during a freak accident at Fort Leonard Wood, Mo., last August has netted him a commendation ribbon with metal pendant.

While taking part in an inspection of engineering equipment, Canale saw a out-of-control 20-ton motor crane collide with a caterpillar tractor. The crane’s weight and momentum drove the vehicle straight for a railway service unit parked below.

Canale ran for the tractor, scrambled on and managed to stop both it and the crane before the third unit was damaged.

This is Canale’s second citation. His first was received at Fort Washington for meritorious service between July 1944 and May 1945.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MUNISING – Alger County officials believe they have taken a first step toward construction of a state prison in the county as a result of meeting with Michigan corrections officials.

Alger County Economic Development Corporation director Jack Krueger cautioned that a long process remained.

“We were happy with the reception we received,” said Krueger of the Lansing meeting. “This is the first step in a long process to get Alger County in the running for a prison.

According to Krueger, Niles Kavern, chairman of the Fish and Wildlife Department at Michigan State University spoke in support of the Alger County proposal, which called for the development of a fish processing plant as a work program for inmates. About 70 inmates could be employed at the fish processing plant, according to the plan.

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – A total of 430,445 passengers flew North Central Airlines in 1955, establishing new passenger records for the nation’s entire local service airline industry. This is an increase of 52 percent over 1954 when 283,556 flew North Central, airline President H. N. Carr reported.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Students in school districts in the central Upper Peninsula appear generally to have scored higher than state averages in reading and math competency tests, according to figures released today by the Michigan Education Department.

In the 13 districts comprising the Marquette-Alger Intermediate School District, fourth, seventh and 10th-graders averaged an 87 percent pass rate in the reading section of the Michigan Educational Assessment Programs annual competency test, according to Kathy Feaster, coordinator of opinion research for the Project Outreach program of the department.

The MAISD reading figures compared with a statewide average pass rate of 81 percent for the same grade categories. In math tests, the pass rate was slightly more than 76 percent for students of the MAISD, Feaster said.

90 years ago

ISHPEMING – Ishpeming owners of radio receiving sets are interested in International Radio Week, which commenced yesterday and will continue until the weekend, when they will make an effort to tune in on overseas stations and distant American stations that they have been unable to log because of interference.

If reception is good it is expected that every radio owner will be operating his set from 10 to 11 o’clock during the week. Reception during the past week was fairly good with the exception of Friday night.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

AuTRAIN – Alger County officials and a demolition expert from Negaunee will set charges in ice blocking the AuTrain River mouth today in hopes of blasting apart the obstacle Friday morning.

The procedure was undertaken in accord with a decision reached at Wednesday’s Alger County Board meeting. Blasting the ice to relieve AuTrain flooding problems was not developed as a solution for the situation, however, before a good deal of flood mud had been slung at county officials Wednesday.

90 years ago

Easily the largest crowd of basketball fans ever accommodated in the high school gym saw the Negaunee High School clan nose out a 13-11 victory over the Ishpeming High School quintet tonight. Twice during the contest tie scores brought the immense crowd to its toes and the din that ensued repeatedly drowned out the sound of the referee’s whistle.

In fact the noise was so great during the final minutes of play that it became necessary for the time-keeper to fire his gun several times to attract the attention of the referee and to allow Negaunee to make a substitution.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – School districts across the central Upper Peninsula will feel the effects of a teacher shortage in the next three to five years. That’s the word from district superintendents and business managers, who gave as reasons the recently announced early retirement plan and fewer new teachers graduating from colleges. One of the districts in the area with a high percentage of teachers and administrative staff who will qualify for the early retirement program is the Gwinn Community Schools.

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – Looking to capitalize on the region’s abundant snowfall to help augment the summer tourist income, several U.P. communities are looking around for desirable sites for winter sports development projects. Although the Upper Peninsula Development Bureau has been urging winter sports promotion for nearly 20 years, it intensified its efforts to bring about such development this winter following a survey by Michigan College of Mining and Technology and the Michigan Tourist Council.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Members of St. John the Baptist Church contacted by The Mining Journal this morning said they believe the fight to save their parish is not over yet.

“We’re really kind of bitter (about the decision),” said Alice Robinson, who has been a member of the church for more than 20 years. “We keep saying we’re not dead yet. We’re going to do our utmost to save our church.”

Total devastation is how church council president Ron Gingras described the congregation’s reaction.

“We’re trying to find ways around this, ways to an alternate solution,” Gingras said.

The church council will meet at 7 tonight to discuss the situation. Fay Montcalm said that while congregation members are “bitter,” many still plan to fight the decision to close the church.

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – A series of unusual tests, involving the use of rockets as an aid in locating lost hunters, will be conducted in Onota Township in Alger County Tuesday night. Bernard A. Stephansky of Marquette, regional field administration supervisor for the Conservation Department, said eight types of rockets will be tested in an effort to determine which is the most satisfactory for searching parties to use in signaling to lost hunters – or others who lose their way in the woods.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MUNISING – Though the early snows of winter in 1985-86 may make your ordinary Joe with the shovel in his hand grumble, the bad weather is good news for area snowmobilers. According to area snowmobile organization members, more than 600 miles of groomed trails are available to snowmobile enthusiasts in the area. And across the area, due to heavy snow and increased grooming brought about by a $400,000 state appropriations to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources grooming program, trail conditions are excellent. A new addition to the trail systems in the central U.P. this year is the Chatham to Little Lake Trail which stretches 18 miles and connects Marquette and Alger Counties. In Marquette County another 300 plus miles of groomed snowmobile trail are available.

60 years ago

ISHPEMING – Those attending the “Salute for Eisenhower” dinner Friday in the Mather Inn, Ishpeming, will have an opportunity to hear the programs originating in a series of similar events being held across the continent. Arrangements have been made to pipe in the programs off a closed circuit set-up, whereby portions of “Salute” programs in other communities will be brought to the audience. Highlight will be remarks from President Eisenhower.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

PALMER – The city will soon look at retaining an architect to work on plans for the neck of Presque Isle improvement project. City Manager David Svanda updated city commissioners on the project this week. “It is an involved project,” Svanda said. The plan now calls for the spending of $400,000 and includes the upgrading of the pool and building, construction of an archway at the park’s entry, building an island store and a Native American center. Svanda said L.G. Kaufman Foundation officials pledged $120,000 – $20,000 more than originally pledged in hopes of having the swimming pool heated and installing a concrete floor in the pool area. The project is designed to attract more visitors to Marquette’s largest park and to keep tourists in the area for a longer time. Officials estimate that 600,000 persons visit the park annually.

90 years ago

MUNISING – Enforcement of the law requiring soft drink parlors to remain closed Saturday nights and Sunday will be carried out in Munising beginning next Saturday night, according to Prosecuting Attorney R.E. O’Brien.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Local and state officials are riding on cloud nine after being informed that the Upper Peninsula has been removed from consideration as a nuclear waste dump site. The official announcement came at about noon today that the six rock bodies being considered as potential repository sites in the U.P. were eliminated from the Draft Area Recommendation Report. William Robinson, a Marquette resident who is a member of the Upper Peninsula Environmental Coalition and Great Lakes United, said it is “almost unbelievable” that the U.P. isn’t on the list. “I thought they would distribute a site or two to all the states,” Robinson said. UPEC has been a strong force against the siting of a nuclear waste dump in the U.P., or anywhere in the Great Lakes watershed.

90 years ago

MARQUETTE – Armed with a search warrant secured on basis of an affidavit, Donald McCormick and Sam Tourville, Marquette police officers, raided a home on Furnace Street yesterday morning, seized a quantity of alleged home brew and moonshine whiskey and arrested a man and wife on charges of sale and possession of intoxicating liquor.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Marquette’s Lakeview Arena has caused city officials to see nothing but red since its dedication in 1974. Red ink, that is. But after 10 years of operating at a loss, the arena’s year-end budget for 19856 shows a surplus of $16,357.08. In the years 1977 to 1981 losses were at least $150,000 annually.

City administrators are happy with news of the surplus and attribute it to better management and more prudent spending. Increases in some areas will be seen this year, though, such as for ice time for junior and adult hockey leagues. Those rates increased this year by $3 per hour during prime ice time and by $1.50 per hour for other times.

City Manager David Svanda called Northern Michigan University home hockey games the largest ongoing activity and moneymaker for the arena, and said rock concerts are the most profitable single events.

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – The second annual Upper Peninsula Science Fair will be held at Northern Michigan University April 14 under the sponsorship of The Mining Journal.

High school students from every section of the U.P. are expected to enter exhibits in the fair and compete for prizes. Students presenting the two exhibits one by a boy and another by a girl judged best in the fair will be rewarded with an all-expenses paid trip to the National Science fair being held later in the year in Oklahoma City.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

PALMER – Michigan’s imported moose herd in the Upper Peninsula has lost a third cow, bringing the number of deaths in the herd to six, a state Department of Natural Resources spokeswoman said today.

The yearling was found Saturday north of L’Anse, near the Lake Superior shoreline, DNR spokeswoman Pat Merrick said. Officials suspect the parasite brainworm as the cause of death.

A wildlife biologist doing an airplane check picked up a mortality signal from the cow’s radio transmitting collar, she said. The biologist went into the area on foot Saturday and found the cow, she said.

Michigan imported 29 moose from Ontario’s Algonquin Provincial Park in January and February of 1985.

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – Bernard McNamara, manager of the Ishpeming Theater, announced today the signing of Randy Henderson to broadcast his 13-week $2,000 talent show from the stage of the theater.

The deal with Henderson was worked out after negotiations with Bob Olson, manager of Radio Station WJPD, and the Russo Brothers of Negaunee, radio sponsors of the half-hour broadcast.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MILWAUKEE – Edmund Fitzgerald, an insurance executive made famous when a Great Lakes freighter bearing his name went down in a 1975 Lake Superior gale, has died at the age of 90.

Fitzgerald joined Northwestern Mutual Insurance Co. at Milwaukee in 1933 as a trustee and moved up to vice president later that year before becoming its president in 1947. He died Thursday.

Fitzgerald’s grandfather, John Fitzgerald, was a ship captain and his father, William Edmund Fitzgerald, was president of Milwaukee Drydock Co., which built and repaired ships.

The 729-foot Edmund Fitzgerald was built by Northwestern Mutual and was the largest ship of its kind when it was launched in 1958. But the Fitzgerald sank during a storm off Whitefish Point in Lake Superior on Nov. 11, 1975, killing all 29 men aboard. Fitzgerald was a key figure in Milwaukee business and civic affairs for more than 50 years. He also served on a host of state and national organizations.

90 years ago

NEGAUNEE – Just what course the city will pursue in coping with a problem presented by a leak of approximately 500,000 gallons of water per month from a water main leading to the Mass Mine is to be determined by the board of public works and the city light and water department, it was indicated at the January session of the common council.

Stocks

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – With the United States Olympic Committee executive board placing priority on elite athletes athletes currently training for a world competition – there will be some close scrutiny not only on athletes entering one of the Olympic training centers, but on the training centers themselves, according to Larry McCollum, of the U.S. Olympic Committee and director of the training center at Colorado Springs.

The concept of the Olympic training center is new to the USOC, McCollum said.

“We’re still going through trial and error,” he said. There have only been training centers in existence for eight years.

90 years ago

ISHPEMING – William Racine started a crew to work yesterday cutting ice on Lake Bancroft, which will be used for storage purposes only.

The ice will be hauled to Mr. Racine’s storage house near Mud Lake and as soon as all that will be used for storage purposes is in the houses, the crew will be moved to Cedar Lake where the ice for domestic use will be cut.

Two houses will be filled with Lake Bancroft’s ice and a third will be used for the storage of Cedar Lake ice. Seven teams are being used on the ice haul and the crew is made up of 20 men.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Northern Michigan University announced Tuesday night it has acquired property on Mount Marquette, in a land exchange with Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. The land, 120 acres in three 40-acre sections and including the scenic overlook, is adjacent to “about 90 to 100 acres north of that which we already have title to,” said Mike Clark, director of communications at NMU.

Clark said the land could possibly be used to build and Olympic-sized bobsled or luge run, but the university or state of Michigan wouldn’t necessarily be the backer of such a project.

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – Two Marquette County young men will be inducted into the Armed Forces next week and 18 other registrants with the Marquette County Draft Board will take pre-induction physical examinations.

Those summoned have been ordered to report to Mrs. Frances Drake, draft board clerk, in the board’s office.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – From adzes to wedges, from draw knives to log dogs, Rick Horton sells tools for the odd woodworking job. The job may be as simple as carrying wood or as complex as building a log home, but Horton’s business Timeless Tools has the hardware necessary for carrying out those tasks. Timeless Tools is a retail store at 122 W. Spring St. in Marquette where old tools, reconditioned tools, new tools and even electric tools are sold over the counter. But a growing part of Horton’s enterprise is his mail-order business. Mail orders for tools are up 400 percent from the year before, Horton said, and now comprise 20 percent of his operation. His goal is to build up to 80 percent. Horton says his best customers “are people who worked in the cities and are about to escape to the country and build a house.”

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – Snider’s Delicatessen at 519 West Washington Street is one of the most conveniently located and popular stores in the Marquette area. Owned and operated by Mr. and Mrs. John P. Snider, the building was remodeled in 1938, from a family residence to a store and the delicatessen was officially opened in the spring of 1939. It has been operated continuously since then by Mr. and Mrs. Snider who moved to Marquette 42 years ago.

Local

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – The recent addition of nine persons to the growing professional staff of Sundberg, Carlson & Associates Inc. has been announced by company officials. Sundberg-Carlson, established more than five years ago, as a civil engineering and land surveying company, today employs nearly 60 persons out of its Kingsford and Marquette offices. It has diversified service capabilities to include architecture, electrical engineering, civil engineering, land planning, construction management and computer-aided design and drafting.

60 years ago

MARQUETTE – “Moving day” at Marquette State Prison went off without a hitch, enabling contractors to move into Cell Block B today to demolish everything except the walls and ceiling and rebuild that unit into a modern housing structure. Under the direction of Captain George Chopp, hallmaster, a total of 270 of the 675 inmates inside the walls were involved in the mass transfer.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Recent terrorist acts that have occurred at foreign airports apparently have not deterred Marquette area residents from travelling abroad. The latest attacks, which took place at the Rome and Vienna airports on Dec. 27, left 19 persons dead and about 100 wounded. Since then, U.S. and Libyan leaders have exchanged harsh words in regards to terrorism, with Libyan leader Moammar Khadafy threatening terrorist acts in the United States. Despite the tense situation in some foreign countries, local travel agents are not anticipating a drop in the number of area persons wanting to travel outside the U.S. According to Paulette Lindberg, owner of Marquette’s Adventure Travel and Tour, most area residents travel to “safe” countries such as England, Finland and Sweden. “Not very many travelers from here are going to the Mediterranean area, such as Turkey,” she said. “There’s really no market here for those types of countries.”

90 years ago

MARQETTE – The estimate of a 16.7 per cent increase in population in the six years since the last federal census was completed, bringing it to 14,838, is based on a conservative survey of known factors throwing light on the growth of the town, and is probably not far out of the way. Marquette thus starts out the new year with just short of 13,000 population.

Superiorland Yesterdays

Superiorland Yesterdays

EDITOR’S NOTE: Superiorland Yesterdays is prepared by the reference staff at the Peter White Public Library in Marquette.

30 years ago

MARQUETTE – Prosit Neujahr. That toast was heard into the early morning hours New Year’s Day as a large group of Chicago-based skiers of German descent rang in 1986 the same as they have done the past dozen or so years in Marquette skiing and relaxing. “We used to go to Telemark (a ski area in Wisconsin), then we found this place,” said Helmut Mayr, vice president of the Alpine Ski Club. “It’s just like home.” And home for Mayr was Munich, Germany, until 1954 when he emigrated to the United States. His background is typical of the older members of the ski club the ones who joined in the early years after it was formed 25 years ago. The annual Marquette trip during the New Year’s holiday draws the largest number of participants, with more than 150 club members and family members making the excursion.

90 years ago

NEGAUNEE – The Negaunee Legion team won two games, each by 34 to 24 score, against opponents in games over the weekend. The Gwinn All-Stars played here last night and the Calumet Y.M.C.A. the night before. In the opening tilt with the Model Towners the individual playing of the Legion men was marked by occasional flashes of speed. The teamwork was ragged and a lack of practice was apparent.